Papillomas in dogs are small, lumpy growths that are usually harmless. They are caused by the canine papilloma virus (CPV), which is specific to dogs and the site of infection. In this article, we will explore what papillomas are, how to identify them, and how to treat them effectively.
What is Canine Papilloma Virus?
Papillomas are benign growths or warts that can be caused by the canine papilloma virus (CPV). The virus is spread through direct contact or by contaminated objects such as bowls, toys, and floors. In dogs, CPV presents itself in three ways, with the most common being oral papilloma virus (CPV-1). This type of papilloma affects the area around the dog’s mouth, including the lips and skin around the muzzle.
Types of Papillomas in Dogs
There are three types of papillomas commonly found in dogs:
1. Canine Mucous Membrane Papillomatosis
This type of papilloma primarily affects the lips and mouths of young dogs. It can also appear on the skin around the mouth and eyes. These growths tend to appear suddenly and spread quickly.
2. Cutaneous Papillomas
Cutaneous papillomas are single growths that are more common in older dogs. They are similar in appearance to other types of warts.
3. Cutaneous Inverted Papillomas
These growths are usually seen in young adult dogs and occur on the underside of the abdomen or feet.
While papillomas are generally harmless, they can sometimes progress to squamous cell carcinomas, a type of skin cancer. If you notice any unusual growth on your dog, it is always a good idea to consult a veterinarian.
How to Identify Canine Papilloma Virus
Most papillomas will disappear on their own as the dog’s immune system matures. However, severe cases can occur in dogs with compromised immune systems, making it difficult for them to fight off the virus. Other symptoms of CPV include difficulty eating, chewing, or swallowing when the growths interfere with the dog’s mouth. Inverted papillomas on the feet can also cause discomfort while walking.
How to Diagnose Papillomas
When there are multiple growths, a diagnosis can often be made based on their appearance and the age of the dog. However, if a growth persists for more than three months or it is unclear whether it is a papilloma, a biopsy may be necessary. The lump is then sent to a laboratory for examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for Canine Papillomas
In most cases, papillomas will disappear on their own within a few weeks to months. However, if treatment is necessary due to location or pain, various methods can be used. These include electro or cryosurgery to remove or reduce the growth, or traditional surgery. Sometimes, removing one or more papillomas can cause the others to shrink as well.
In severe cases where the dog is having difficulty swallowing or breathing, wart vaccinations can be considered to help the body produce antibodies and fight the virus. It is important to note that the effectiveness of various treatments is uncertain because the disease often resolves on its own over time.
Prevention of Canine Papillomas
To prevent canine papillomas, it is important to ensure that your dog has a strong and healthy immune system. The virus can survive for a short time on objects such as toys, bowls, and bedding. Therefore, it is advisable to clean your pet’s environment and disinfect any items that have come into contact with affected dogs.
It is also recommended to keep very young dogs and immunocompromised dogs away from dogs showing signs of papillomas, as the virus is highly contagious. Once the growths start to shrink and disappear, dogs are no longer considered contagious. However, it is possible for dogs to be susceptible to other strains of CPV even after recovering from one strain.
If you suspect that your dog has canine papilloma virus or if their papillomas are worsening, it is best to seek expert advice from a veterinarian. Contact Animal Trust for a free consultation and ensure your dog receives the necessary care.
